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In the 20th century, the discovery of several synthetic insecticides, such as DDT, and herbicides boosted this development.6.

Biological control is first recorded around 300 AD in China, when colonies of weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, were intentionally placed in citrus plantations to control beetles and caterpillars.5 Also in China, ducks were utilized in paddy fields to consume insects, as illustrated in ancient cave art. In 1762, an Indian mynah was introduced to Mauritius to control locusts, and about the exact same time, citrus trees in Burma were connected with bamboos to permit ants to pass between them and help control caterpillars.

The introduction of DDT, a cheap and effective compound, put an effective stop to biological control experiments. From the 1960s, problems of resistance to chemicals and damage to the environment began to emerge, and biological control had a renaissance. Chemical pest control remains the predominant kind of pest control now, though a renewed interest in traditional and biological pest control grown towards the end of this 20th century and continues to this day.7.

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Biological pest control is a method of controlling pests like insects and fleas by using other organisms.8 It depends on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mechanisms, but normally also involves an active human management role. Classical biological control involves the introduction of natural enemies of the insect that are bred in the lab and introduced into the environment.

The released organism will breed and survive, and provide long-term control.9 Biological control can be an important component of an integrated pest management programme. .

For instance: mosquitoes are often controlled by putting Bt Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Israelensis, a bacterium that infects and kills mosquito larvae, in local water sources.10

Mechanical pest control is the use of hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and apparatus, that provides a protective barrier between plants and insects. This can be referred to as tillage and is one of the earliest methods of weed control in addition to being used for pest control; wireworms, the larvae of the common click beetle, are extremely harmful pests of newly ploughed grassland, and perennial cultivation exposes them to the birds and other predators which feed on them.11.

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Crop rotation can help control insects by depriving them of their host plants. It's a strategy in the control of corn rootworm, and has decreased early season incidence of Colorado potato beetle by as much as 95 percent.12

A trap crop is a crop of a plant that attracts pests, diverting them from nearby crops.13 Pests aggregated on the trap crop can be more easily controlled using pesticides or other methods.14 However, trap-cropping, on its own, has often failed to price effectively reduce insect densities on large commercial scales, without using pesticides, possibly as a result of pests' ability to spread back into the main field.14.

Pesticides are applied to crops by aircraft, tractor-mounted crop sprayers or as seed dressings to control pests. But successful control by pesticides is not simple; the ideal formulation must be chosen, the timing is often crucial, the procedure of application is important, sufficient coverage and retention on the harvest are necessary.

This is particularly important in countries where there are natural reservoirs of insects and their enemies in the countryside surrounding plantation crops, and such co-exist in a delicate balance. Often in less-developed countries, the crops are well adapted to the situation and no pesticides are needed. Where progressive farmers are using fertilisers to develop enhanced crop varieties, these are often more vulnerable to pest damage, but the indiscriminate application of pesticides might be detrimental in the longer term.15.

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The effectiveness of chemical pesticides tends to diminish over time. That is because any organism that manages to endure the initial application will pass on its genes to its offspring and a resistant strain is going to be developed. In this way, some of the most serious pests have developed resistance and are no longer killed by pesticides that used to kill their ancestors.

Pesticides are devised to kill insects, but many have detrimental effects on non-target species; of specific concern is the harm done to honey-bees, solitary bees and other pollinating insects and in this regard, the time of day when the spray is implemented can be important.17 The popular neonicotinoids have been banned on flowering crops in certain countries due to their effects on bees.17 Some pesticides might lead to cancer and other health problems in humans, in addition to being harmful to wildlife.18 There can be serious effects immediately after exposure or chronic effects following read the article continuous low-level, or occasional vulnerability.19 Maximum residue limits for pesticides in foodstuffs and animal feed are set by many nations.20.